diff --git a/src/main/java/com/sztzjy/linkCommerce/service/impl/HardwareCostStepThreeServiceImpl.java b/src/main/java/com/sztzjy/linkCommerce/service/impl/HardwareCostStepThreeServiceImpl.java
index dc6fdc3..a61ad11 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/sztzjy/linkCommerce/service/impl/HardwareCostStepThreeServiceImpl.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/sztzjy/linkCommerce/service/impl/HardwareCostStepThreeServiceImpl.java
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ public class HardwareCostStepThreeServiceImpl implements HardwareCostStepThreeSe
         List<HardwareCostStepThreeItem> source = request == null ? null : request.getItems();
         if (source == null || source.size() < MIN_EXPENSE_ROWS || source.size() > MAX_EXPENSE_ROWS) {
             throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
-                    "Please provide between " + MIN_EXPENSE_ROWS + " and " + MAX_EXPENSE_ROWS + " manufacturing cost items.");
+                    "请填写 " + MIN_EXPENSE_ROWS + " 至 " + MAX_EXPENSE_ROWS + " 项制造费用。");
         }
         if (bomTotals == null) {
-            throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "Please save the Step 2 BOM calculation first.");
+            throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "请先完成并保存第 2 步物料 BOM 成本核算。");
         }
 
         BigDecimal smallManufacturingCost = BigDecimal.ZERO;
@@ -64,13 +64,13 @@ public class HardwareCostStepThreeServiceImpl implements HardwareCostStepThreeSe
             String expenseName = row == null ? "" : StringUtils.trimToEmpty(row.getExpenseName());
             if (StringUtils.isBlank(expenseName)) {
                 throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
-                        "Please enter a manufacturing expense name at row " + (index + 1) + ".");
+                        "请填写第 " + (index + 1) + " 行的制造费用名称。");
             }
             if (row.getSmallBatchUnitCost() == null || row.getLargeBatchUnitCost() == null
                     || row.getSmallBatchUnitCost().compareTo(BigDecimal.ZERO) < 0
                     || row.getLargeBatchUnitCost().compareTo(BigDecimal.ZERO) < 0) {
                 throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
-                        "Please enter non-negative costs for both batches at row " + (index + 1) + ".");
+                        "请填写第 " + (index + 1) + " 行两种批量的非负制造费用。");
             }
             HardwareCostStepThreeItem item = new HardwareCostStepThreeItem();
             item.setExpenseName(expenseName);
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ public class HardwareCostStepThreeServiceImpl implements HardwareCostStepThreeSe
         largeManufacturingCost = scale(largeManufacturingCost);
         HardwareCostStepThreeValidationResult result = new HardwareCostStepThreeValidationResult();
         result.setValid(true);
-        result.setMessage("Manufacturing and unit total costs have been calculated.");
+        result.setMessage("制造成本与单件总成本已核算完成。");
         result.setItems(normalized);
         result.setSmallBatchManufacturingCost(smallManufacturingCost);
         result.setLargeBatchManufacturingCost(largeManufacturingCost);
@@ -100,12 +100,12 @@ public class HardwareCostStepThreeServiceImpl implements HardwareCostStepThreeSe
         TeachingClassStudent membership = teachingClassStudentMapper.selectActiveByStudentUserId(user.getUserId());
         TrainingTask task = trainingTaskMapper.selectByTaskKey(TASK_KEY);
         if (membership == null || task == null) {
-            throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "Current training task context was not found.");
+            throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "未找到当前实训任务信息。");
         }
         StudentTrainingAnswer answer = studentTrainingAnswerMapper.selectByStudentClassAndTask(
                 user.getUserId(), membership.getTeachingClassId(), task.getId());
         if (answer == null || StringUtils.isBlank(answer.getStep2Answer())) {
-            throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "Please save the Step 2 BOM calculation first.");
+            throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "请先完成并保存第 2 步物料 BOM 成本核算。");
         }
         try {
             JsonNode saved = objectMapper.readTree(answer.getStep2Answer());
@@ -113,23 +113,23 @@ public class HardwareCostStepThreeServiceImpl implements HardwareCostStepThreeSe
         } catch (ServiceException e) {
             throw e;
         } catch (Exception e) {
-            throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "The saved Step 2 BOM calculation cannot be read.");
+            throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "已保存的第 2 步物料 BOM 成本核算无法读取。");
         }
     }
 
     private BigDecimal readMoney(JsonNode source, String field) {
         JsonNode value = source.path(field);
         if (value.isMissingNode() || value.isNull() || StringUtils.isBlank(value.asText())) {
-            throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "The saved Step 2 BOM calculation is incomplete.");
+            throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "已保存的第 2 步物料 BOM 成本核算不完整。");
         }
         try {
             BigDecimal amount = new BigDecimal(value.asText());
             if (amount.compareTo(BigDecimal.ZERO) < 0) {
-                throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "The saved Step 2 BOM calculation is invalid.");
+                throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "已保存的第 2 步物料 BOM 成本核算无效。");
             }
             return scale(amount);
         } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
-            throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "The saved Step 2 BOM calculation is invalid.");
+            throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "已保存的第 2 步物料 BOM 成本核算无效。");
         }
     }
 
@@ -139,10 +139,10 @@ public class HardwareCostStepThreeServiceImpl implements HardwareCostStepThreeSe
 
     private void requireStudent(JwtUser user) {
         if (user == null || StringUtils.isBlank(user.getUserId())) {
-            throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED, "Please log in first.");
+            throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED, "请先登录后再操作。");
         }
         if (user.getRoleId() != 4) {
-            throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "Only students can validate training answers.");
+            throw new ServiceException(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "仅学生可以校验实训答案。");
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/sztzjy/linkCommerce/service/impl/HardwareCostStepThreeServiceImplTest.java b/src/test/java/com/sztzjy/linkCommerce/service/impl/HardwareCostStepThreeServiceImplTest.java
index 8d6b8ce..ea6d8a5 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/sztzjy/linkCommerce/service/impl/HardwareCostStepThreeServiceImplTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/sztzjy/linkCommerce/service/impl/HardwareCostStepThreeServiceImplTest.java
@@ -60,6 +60,21 @@ class HardwareCostStepThreeServiceImplTest {
                 new HardwareCostStepThreeServiceImpl.BomTotals(new BigDecimal("1"), new BigDecimal("1"))));
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void reportsChineseRowSpecificPromptWhenManufacturingExpenseNameIsBlank() {
+        ServiceException exception = assertThrows(ServiceException.class, () -> service.validateAgainstBomTotals(
+                request(
+                        item("设备折旧费", "1", "1"),
+                        item("生产运维费", "1", "1"),
+                        item("人员薪酬", "1", "1"),
+                        item("场地租赁费", "1", "1"),
+                        item("包装费用", "1", "1"),
+                        item("", "1", "1")),
+                new HardwareCostStepThreeServiceImpl.BomTotals(new BigDecimal("1"), new BigDecimal("1"))));
+
+        assertEquals("请填写第 6 行的制造费用名称。", exception.getMessage());
+    }
+
     private HardwareCostStepThreeValidationRequest request(HardwareCostStepThreeItem... items) {
         HardwareCostStepThreeValidationRequest request = new HardwareCostStepThreeValidationRequest();
         request.setItems(Arrays.asList(items));