diff --git a/src/layout/components/AppMain.vue b/src/layout/components/AppMain.vue
index d7ea4d7..378e31d 100644
--- a/src/layout/components/AppMain.vue
+++ b/src/layout/components/AppMain.vue
@@ -14,14 +14,16 @@
         <component v-if="!route.meta.link" :is="Component" :key="route.path" />
       </keep-alive>
     </router-view>
-    <iframe-toggle />
+    <DynamicTrainingStepNavigator v-if="Number(role) === 4 && route.meta?.pageKey" :task-key="route.meta.pageKey" />
+    <iframe-toggle />
   </section>
 </template>
 <script setup>
 import * as indexApi from "@/api/index";
 const { proxy } = getCurrentInstance();
 import { dynamicRoutes } from "@/router";
-import iframeToggle from "./IframeToggle/index";
+import iframeToggle from "./IframeToggle/index";
+import DynamicTrainingStepNavigator from "@/views/components/DynamicTrainingStepNavigator.vue";
 import useTagsViewStore from "@/store/modules/tagsView";
 import { getUserInfo } from "@/utils/auth";
 import useUserStore from "@/store/modules/user";
diff --git a/src/router/index.js b/src/router/index.js
index cb3a37f..da63a1e 100644
--- a/src/router/index.js
+++ b/src/router/index.js
@@ -87,8 +87,22 @@ export const constantRoutes = [
   },
 ];
 // 动态路由，基于用户权限动态去加载
-export const dynamicRoutes = [
-  {
+export const dynamicRoutes = [
+  {
+    path: "/training-step",
+    component: Layout,
+    roles: ["student"],
+    hidden: true,
+    children: [
+      {
+        path: ":taskKey/:stepId",
+        component: () => import("@/views/training/CustomTrainingStepPage.vue"),
+        name: "CustomTrainingStep",
+        meta: { title: "自定义实训步骤", affix: true },
+      },
+    ],
+  },
+  {
     path: "/ai",
     component: Layout,
     redirect: "/ai/assistant",
diff --git a/src/views/components/DynamicTrainingStepNavigator.vue b/src/views/components/DynamicTrainingStepNavigator.vue
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..746604d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/views/components/DynamicTrainingStepNavigator.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<template>
+  <aside v-if="customSteps.length" class="dynamic-step-navigator">
+    <span class="navigator-label">补充步骤</span>
+    <el-button
+      v-for="step in customSteps"
+      :key="step.id"
+      size="small"
+      plain
+      @click="openStep(step)"
+    >
+      {{ step.name }}
+    </el-button>
+  </aside>
+</template>
+
+<script setup>
+import { getTrainingTaskByKey } from "@/api/trainingTask";
+
+const props = defineProps({
+  taskKey: {
+    type: String,
+    default: "",
+  },
+});
+
+const router = useRouter();
+const customSteps = ref([]);
+
+watch(
+  () => props.taskKey,
+  async (taskKey) => {
+    customSteps.value = [];
+    if (!taskKey) return;
+    try {
+      const res = await getTrainingTaskByKey(taskKey);
+      customSteps.value = parseSteps(res?.data?.steps).filter((step) => step.kind === "custom");
+    } catch (error) {
+      // The original task page remains available when task configuration is unavailable.
+    }
+  },
+  { immediate: true }
+);
+
+function parseSteps(value) {
+  let source = value;
+  if (typeof value === "string") {
+    try {
+      source = JSON.parse(value);
+    } catch (error) {
+      source = value.split(/[，,\n]/);
+    }
+  }
+  if (!Array.isArray(source)) return [];
+  return source
+    .map((item, index) => {
+      const raw = item && typeof item === "object" ? item : {};
+      const name = typeof item === "object" ? String(raw.name || "").trim() : String(item || "").trim();
+      return {
+        id: raw.id || `${index < 4 ? "builtin" : "custom"}-${index + 1}`,
+        name,
+        kind: raw.kind === "custom" || (!raw.kind && index >= 4) ? "custom" : "builtin",
+      };
+    })
+    .filter((step) => step.name);
+}
+
+function openStep(step) {
+  router.push({ name: "CustomTrainingStep", params: { taskKey: props.taskKey, stepId: step.id } });
+}
+</script>
+
+<style lang="scss" scoped>
+.dynamic-step-navigator {
+  position: fixed;
+  right: 28px;
+  bottom: 24px;
+  z-index: 20;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  justify-content: flex-end;
+  gap: 8px;
+  max-width: min(560px, calc(100vw - 48px));
+  padding: 10px 12px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(85, 202, 255, 0.42);
+  border-radius: 12px;
+  background: rgba(3, 26, 42, 0.94);
+  box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
+}
+
+.navigator-label {
+  align-self: center;
+  color: #8cdfff;
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 768px) {
+  .dynamic-step-navigator { right: 12px; bottom: 12px; }
+}
+</style>
diff --git a/src/views/schoolAdmin/trainingTask/index.vue b/src/views/schoolAdmin/trainingTask/index.vue
index 7d09033..a03e5fb 100644
--- a/src/views/schoolAdmin/trainingTask/index.vue
+++ b/src/views/schoolAdmin/trainingTask/index.vue
@@ -168,10 +168,14 @@
 
             <el-form-item label="步骤名称：">
               <div class="step-row">
-                <template v-for="(step, index) in taskForm.steps" :key="index">
-                  <el-input v-model="taskForm.steps[index]" placeholder="步骤名称" />
+                <template v-for="(step, index) in taskForm.steps" :key="step.id">
+                  <div class="step-item">
+                    <el-input v-model="step.name" placeholder="步骤名称" />
+                    <el-button v-if="!isReadonly" text type="danger" @click="removeStep(index)">删除</el-button>
+                  </div>
                   <span v-if="index < taskForm.steps.length - 1" class="step-arrow">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span>
                 </template>
+                <el-button v-if="!isReadonly" plain class="add-step-button" @click="addStep">新增步骤</el-button>
               </div>
             </el-form-item>
           </section>
@@ -293,7 +297,7 @@ function createEmptyTask() {
     requirements: "",
     materialName: "",
     materialUrl: "",
-    steps: ["", "", "", ""],
+    steps: createBuiltinSteps(),
     sort: 0,
     enabled: true,
   };
@@ -311,7 +315,7 @@ function normalizeTask(task) {
     requirements: task.requirements || "",
     materialName: material.name,
     materialUrl: material.url,
-    steps: normalizeSteps(parseArray(task.steps, ["", "", "", ""])),
+    steps: normalizeSteps(parseArray(task.steps, createBuiltinSteps())),
     sort: task.sort || 0,
     enabled: task.enabled !== false,
   };
@@ -351,11 +355,28 @@ function parseArray(value, fallback) {
 }
 
 function normalizeSteps(steps) {
-  const result = steps.filter((item) => String(item || "").trim()).slice(0, 4);
-  while (result.length < 4) {
-    result.push("");
-  }
-  return result;
+  const source = Array.isArray(steps) ? steps : [];
+  const result = source
+    .map((item, index) => {
+      const raw = item && typeof item === "object" ? item : {};
+      const name = typeof item === "object" ? String(raw.name || "").trim() : String(item || "").trim();
+      const kind = raw.kind === "custom" ? "custom" : index < 4 ? "builtin" : "custom";
+      return createStep(name, kind, raw.id);
+    })
+    .filter((item) => item.name);
+  return result.length ? result : [createStep()];
+}
+
+function createBuiltinSteps() {
+  return [1, 2, 3, 4].map((index) => createStep("", "builtin", `builtin-${index}`));
+}
+
+function createStep(name = "", kind = "custom", id = "") {
+  return {
+    id: id || `custom-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 8)}`,
+    name,
+    kind,
+  };
 }
 
 function openTaskDialog(task, mode) {
@@ -369,7 +390,7 @@ function cloneTask(task) {
   return {
     ...task,
     objectives: [...(task.objectives?.length ? task.objectives : [""])],
-    steps: normalizeSteps(task.steps?.length ? task.steps : ["", "", "", ""]),
+    steps: normalizeSteps(task.steps?.length ? task.steps : createBuiltinSteps()),
   };
 }
 
@@ -382,6 +403,15 @@ function removeObjective(index) {
   taskForm.objectives.splice(index, 1);
 }
 
+function addStep() {
+  taskForm.steps.push(createStep());
+}
+
+function removeStep(index) {
+  if (taskForm.steps.length <= 1) return;
+  taskForm.steps.splice(index, 1);
+}
+
 async function handleImportChange(file) {
   if (!file?.raw) return;
   await importTrainingTasks(file.raw);
@@ -443,7 +473,7 @@ function buildPayload() {
     background: taskForm.background,
     objectives: JSON.stringify(taskForm.objectives.map((item) => item.trim()).filter(Boolean)),
     requirements: taskForm.requirements,
-    steps: JSON.stringify(taskForm.steps.map((item) => item.trim()).filter(Boolean)),
+    steps: JSON.stringify(taskForm.steps.map((item) => ({ ...item, name: item.name.trim() })).filter((item) => item.name)),
     materialName: taskForm.materialName,
     materialUrl: taskForm.materialUrl,
     sort: taskForm.sort,
@@ -1150,13 +1180,25 @@ function buildPayload() {
   }
 
   .step-row {
-    display: grid;
-    grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr auto 1fr auto 1fr;
+    display: flex;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
     gap: 12px;
     align-items: center;
     width: 100%;
   }
 
+  .step-item {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 4px;
+    min-width: 230px;
+    flex: 1 1 260px;
+  }
+
+  .add-step-button {
+    border-style: dashed;
+  }
+
   .step-arrow {
     color: #7ddaff;
     font-weight: 800;
@@ -1213,7 +1255,7 @@ function buildPayload() {
     }
 
     .step-row {
-      grid-template-columns: 1fr;
+      align-items: stretch;
     }
 
     .step-arrow {
diff --git a/src/views/teacherEnd/trainingTask/index.vue b/src/views/teacherEnd/trainingTask/index.vue
index fd81a9e..1573ae3 100644
--- a/src/views/teacherEnd/trainingTask/index.vue
+++ b/src/views/teacherEnd/trainingTask/index.vue
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
           <div class="drawer-heading">
             <span class="drawer-kicker">{{ dialogMode === "view" ? "Training Task Preview" : "Training Task Editor" }}</span>
             <h3>{{ dialogMode === "view" ? "查看实训任务" : "编辑实训任务" }}</h3>
-            <p>任务数量与步骤数量由系统固定，老师可维护任务显示名称、实训说明、目标、要求和步骤名称。</p>
+            <p>老师可维护任务显示名称、实训说明、目标、要求和步骤，并可新增或删除步骤。</p>
           </div>
           <div class="drawer-header-actions">
             <button type="button" class="drawer-close-button" aria-label="关闭抽屉" @click="dialogVisible = false">x</button>
@@ -190,10 +190,14 @@
 
             <el-form-item label="步骤名称：">
               <div class="step-row">
-                <template v-for="(step, index) in taskForm.steps" :key="index">
-                  <el-input v-model="taskForm.steps[index]" placeholder="步骤名称" />
+                <template v-for="(step, index) in taskForm.steps" :key="step.id">
+                  <div class="step-item">
+                    <el-input v-model="step.name" placeholder="步骤名称" />
+                    <el-button v-if="!isReadonly" text type="danger" @click="removeStep(index)">删除</el-button>
+                  </div>
                   <span v-if="index < taskForm.steps.length - 1" class="step-arrow">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span>
                 </template>
+                <el-button v-if="!isReadonly" plain class="add-step-button" @click="addStep">新增步骤</el-button>
               </div>
             </el-form-item>
           </section>
@@ -388,7 +392,7 @@ function createEmptyTask() {
     requirements: "",
     materialName: "",
     materialUrl: "",
-    steps: ["", "", "", ""],
+    steps: createBuiltinSteps(),
     sort: 0,
     enabled: true,
   };
@@ -406,7 +410,7 @@ function normalizeTask(task) {
     requirements: task.requirements || "",
     materialName: material.name,
     materialUrl: material.url,
-    steps: normalizeSteps(parseArray(task.steps, ["", "", "", ""])),
+    steps: normalizeSteps(parseArray(task.steps, createBuiltinSteps())),
     sort: task.sort || 0,
     enabled: task.enabled !== false,
   };
@@ -446,11 +450,28 @@ function parseArray(value, fallback) {
 }
 
 function normalizeSteps(steps) {
-  const result = steps.filter((item) => String(item || "").trim()).slice(0, 4);
-  while (result.length < 4) {
-    result.push("");
-  }
-  return result;
+  const source = Array.isArray(steps) ? steps : [];
+  const result = source
+    .map((item, index) => {
+      const raw = item && typeof item === "object" ? item : {};
+      const name = typeof item === "object" ? String(raw.name || "").trim() : String(item || "").trim();
+      const kind = raw.kind === "custom" ? "custom" : index < 4 ? "builtin" : "custom";
+      return createStep(name, kind, raw.id);
+    })
+    .filter((item) => item.name);
+  return result.length ? result : [createStep()];
+}
+
+function createBuiltinSteps() {
+  return [1, 2, 3, 4].map((index) => createStep("", "builtin", `builtin-${index}`));
+}
+
+function createStep(name = "", kind = "custom", id = "") {
+  return {
+    id: id || `custom-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 8)}`,
+    name,
+    kind,
+  };
 }
 
 function openTaskDialog(task, mode) {
@@ -463,7 +484,7 @@ function cloneTask(task) {
   return {
     ...task,
     objectives: [...(task.objectives?.length ? task.objectives : [""])],
-    steps: normalizeSteps(task.steps?.length ? task.steps : ["", "", "", ""]),
+    steps: normalizeSteps(task.steps?.length ? task.steps : createBuiltinSteps()),
   };
 }
 
@@ -476,6 +497,15 @@ function removeObjective(index) {
   taskForm.objectives.splice(index, 1);
 }
 
+function addStep() {
+  taskForm.steps.push(createStep());
+}
+
+function removeStep(index) {
+  if (taskForm.steps.length <= 1) return;
+  taskForm.steps.splice(index, 1);
+}
+
 async function handleMaterialChange(file) {
   const rawFile = file?.raw;
   if (!rawFile) return;
@@ -579,7 +609,7 @@ function buildPayload() {
     background: taskForm.background,
     objectives: JSON.stringify(taskForm.objectives.map((item) => item.trim()).filter(Boolean)),
     requirements: taskForm.requirements,
-    steps: JSON.stringify(taskForm.steps.map((item) => item.trim()).filter(Boolean)),
+    steps: JSON.stringify(taskForm.steps.map((item) => ({ ...item, name: item.name.trim() })).filter((item) => item.name)),
     materialName: taskForm.materialName,
     materialUrl: taskForm.materialUrl,
     sort: taskForm.sort,
@@ -1283,13 +1313,25 @@ function buildPayload() {
   }
 
   .step-row {
-    display: grid;
-    grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr auto 1fr auto 1fr;
+    display: flex;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
     gap: 12px;
     align-items: center;
     width: 100%;
   }
 
+  .step-item {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 4px;
+    min-width: 230px;
+    flex: 1 1 260px;
+  }
+
+  .add-step-button {
+    border-style: dashed;
+  }
+
   .step-arrow {
     color: #7ddaff;
     font-weight: 800;
@@ -1342,7 +1384,7 @@ function buildPayload() {
     }
 
     .step-row {
-      grid-template-columns: 1fr;
+      align-items: stretch;
     }
 
     .step-arrow {
diff --git a/src/views/training/CustomTrainingStepPage.vue b/src/views/training/CustomTrainingStepPage.vue
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9772e57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/views/training/CustomTrainingStepPage.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+<template>
+  <div class="custom-training-step-page">
+    <main v-if="step" class="step-shell">
+      <header class="step-header">
+        <p class="eyebrow">自定义实训步骤</p>
+        <h1>{{ task?.taskName }} · {{ step.name }}</h1>
+        <p>请完成本步骤的说明、分析结论或成果附件；可先保存，确认后单独提交本步骤。</p>
+      </header>
+
+      <TrainingTaskBrief
+        :background="task?.background"
+        :goals="task?.objectives"
+        :requirements="task?.requirements"
+        :material-name="task?.materialName"
+        :material-url="task?.materialUrl"
+      />
+
+      <section class="answer-card">
+        <h2>{{ step.name }}</h2>
+        <el-input
+          v-model="form.content"
+          type="textarea"
+          :autosize="{ minRows: 10, maxRows: 20 }"
+          placeholder="填写本步骤的完成过程、分析结果和结论"
+        />
+
+        <div class="attachment-area">
+          <input ref="fileInput" class="hidden-input" type="file" @change="uploadFile" />
+          <el-button :loading="uploading" @click="fileInput?.click()">上传成果附件</el-button>
+          <a v-for="file in form.attachments" :key="file.url" :href="file.url" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
+            {{ file.name }}
+          </a>
+        </div>
+      </section>
+
+      <footer class="actions">
+        <el-button @click="router.back()">返回任务</el-button>
+        <el-button :loading="saving" @click="save(false)">保存草稿</el-button>
+        <el-button type="primary" :loading="saving" @click="save(true)">提交本步骤</el-button>
+      </footer>
+    </main>
+    <el-empty v-else description="未找到这个自定义实训步骤" />
+  </div>
+</template>
+
+<script setup>
+import { getTrainingTaskByKey } from "@/api/trainingTask";
+import { getStudentTrainingAnswer, saveStudentTrainingAnswer, uploadStudentTrainingFile } from "@/api/studentTrainingAnswer";
+import TrainingTaskBrief from "@/views/components/TrainingTaskBrief.vue";
+
+const route = useRoute();
+const router = useRouter();
+const { proxy } = getCurrentInstance();
+const task = ref(null);
+const step = ref(null);
+const form = reactive({ content: "", attachments: [] });
+const dynamicAnswers = ref({});
+const fileInput = ref(null);
+const saving = ref(false);
+const uploading = ref(false);
+
+watch(
+  () => [route.params.taskKey, route.params.stepId],
+  () => load(),
+  { immediate: true }
+);
+
+async function load() {
+  task.value = null;
+  step.value = null;
+  form.content = "";
+  form.attachments = [];
+  dynamicAnswers.value = {};
+  const taskKey = String(route.params.taskKey || "");
+  const stepId = String(route.params.stepId || "");
+  if (!taskKey || !stepId) return;
+  try {
+    const [taskRes, answerRes] = await Promise.all([getTrainingTaskByKey(taskKey), getStudentTrainingAnswer(taskKey)]);
+    task.value = taskRes?.data || null;
+    step.value = parseSteps(task.value?.steps).find((item) => item.id === stepId && item.kind === "custom") || null;
+    dynamicAnswers.value = parseAnswers(answerRes?.data?.dynamicStepAnswers);
+    const saved = dynamicAnswers.value[stepId] || {};
+    form.content = String(saved.content || "");
+    form.attachments = Array.isArray(saved.attachments) ? saved.attachments : [];
+  } catch (error) {
+    proxy?.$modal?.msgError("加载自定义步骤失败");
+  }
+}
+
+function parseSteps(value) {
+  let source = value;
+  if (typeof value === "string") {
+    try { source = JSON.parse(value); } catch (error) { source = value.split(/[，,\n]/); }
+  }
+  if (!Array.isArray(source)) return [];
+  return source.map((item, index) => {
+    const raw = item && typeof item === "object" ? item : {};
+    const name = typeof item === "object" ? String(raw.name || "").trim() : String(item || "").trim();
+    return {
+      id: raw.id || `${index < 4 ? "builtin" : "custom"}-${index + 1}`,
+      name,
+      kind: raw.kind === "custom" || (!raw.kind && index >= 4) ? "custom" : "builtin",
+    };
+  });
+}
+
+function parseAnswers(value) {
+  if (!value) return {};
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(value);
+    return parsed && typeof parsed === "object" && !Array.isArray(parsed) ? parsed : {};
+  } catch (error) {
+    return {};
+  }
+}
+
+async function uploadFile(event) {
+  const file = event.target.files?.[0];
+  if (!file) return;
+  const data = new FormData();
+  data.append("file", file);
+  uploading.value = true;
+  try {
+    const res = await uploadStudentTrainingFile(data);
+    const url = res?.url || res?.fileName || res?.data?.url || res?.data?.fileName || "";
+    if (!url) throw new Error("missing upload url");
+    form.attachments.push({ name: file.name, url });
+    proxy?.$modal?.msgSuccess("上传成功");
+  } finally {
+    uploading.value = false;
+    event.target.value = "";
+  }
+}
+
+async function save(submitStep) {
+  if (!step.value || saving.value) return;
+  saving.value = true;
+  try {
+    dynamicAnswers.value[step.value.id] = {
+      content: form.content,
+      attachments: form.attachments,
+      submitted: submitStep,
+      submittedAt: submitStep ? new Date().toISOString() : null,
+    };
+    const stepIndex = parseSteps(task.value?.steps).findIndex((item) => item.id === step.value.id);
+    await saveStudentTrainingAnswer(String(route.params.taskKey), {
+      saveAction: "SAVE",
+      currentStep: Math.max(1, stepIndex + 1),
+      dynamicStepAnswers: JSON.stringify(dynamicAnswers.value),
+    });
+    proxy?.$modal?.msgSuccess(submitStep ? "本步骤已提交" : "草稿已保存");
+  } finally {
+    saving.value = false;
+  }
+}
+</script>
+
+<style lang="scss" scoped>
+.custom-training-step-page { min-height: 100%; padding: 28px; color: #e9f7ff; }
+.step-shell { max-width: 1080px; margin: 0 auto; }
+.step-header, .answer-card { padding: 22px; border: 1px solid rgba(70, 181, 231, .36); border-radius: 16px; background: rgba(2, 22, 37, .82); }
+.step-header { margin-bottom: 20px; }
+.step-header h1 { margin: 5px 0 10px; font-size: 26px; }
+.step-header p { margin: 0; color: #b9ddf1; line-height: 1.75; }
+.eyebrow { color: #72dcff !important; font-weight: 800; }
+.answer-card h2 { margin-top: 0; font-size: 20px; }
+.attachment-area { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin-top: 16px; }
+.attachment-area a { color: #75dcff; }
+.hidden-input { display: none; }
+.actions { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 12px; margin-top: 20px; }
+@media (max-width: 768px) { .custom-training-step-page { padding: 14px; } .actions { flex-wrap: wrap; } }
+</style>
diff --git a/src/views/training/GenericTrainingPage.vue b/src/views/training/GenericTrainingPage.vue
index b7fe607..d90a329 100644
--- a/src/views/training/GenericTrainingPage.vue
+++ b/src/views/training/GenericTrainingPage.vue
@@ -276,14 +276,14 @@ function normalizeMaterial(materialName, materialUrl) {
 
 function parseArray(value) {
   if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-    return value.filter(Boolean);
+    return value.map((item) => String(item?.name ?? item ?? "").trim()).filter(Boolean);
   }
   if (!value) {
     return [];
   }
   try {
     const parsed = JSON.parse(value);
-    return Array.isArray(parsed) ? parsed.filter(Boolean) : [];
+    return Array.isArray(parsed) ? parsed.map((item) => String(item?.name ?? item ?? "").trim()).filter(Boolean) : [];
   } catch (error) {
     return String(value)
       .split(/[；;|｜]/)
diff --git a/src/views/training/taskKeyMap.js b/src/views/training/taskKeyMap.js
index 70ee37b..62899cb 100644
--- a/src/views/training/taskKeyMap.js
+++ b/src/views/training/taskKeyMap.js
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ export function resolveTrainingTaskKey(route, explicitTaskKey = "") {
 
 export function parseTrainingArray(value, fallback = []) {
   if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-    const result = value.map((item) => String(item || "").trim()).filter(Boolean);
+    const result = value.map((item) => String(item?.name ?? item ?? "").trim()).filter(Boolean);
     return result.length ? result : fallback;
   }
   if (!value) {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ export function parseTrainingArray(value, fallback = []) {
   try {
     const parsed = JSON.parse(value);
     if (Array.isArray(parsed)) {
-      const result = parsed.map((item) => String(item || "").trim()).filter(Boolean);
+      const result = parsed.map((item) => String(item?.name ?? item ?? "").trim()).filter(Boolean);
       return result.length ? result : fallback;
     }
   } catch (error) {